Linux NFS 挂载与计划任务管理指南 📅
🚀 自动化 NFS 挂载和文件同步，实现跨服务器文件共享和备份
📖 目录导航
🎯 快速开始
📝 创建脚本目录
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mkdir -p /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/{nfs,sync,backup}
chmod -R 755 /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/
tree /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/ -L 2
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📁 NFS 挂载脚本
🐧 Debian NFS 挂载脚本
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| #!/bin/bash
echo "🚀 开始挂载 NFS 共享..."
echo "=========================================="
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m'
mount_points=(
"/mnt/ARS2-NFS"
"/mnt/PVE-NFS"
"/mnt/Ubuntu-NFS"
)
for mount_point in "${mount_points[@]}"; do
if [ ! -d "$mount_point" ]; then
mkdir -p "$mount_point"
chmod 755 "$mount_point"
echo -e "${GREEN}✅ 创建目录: $mount_point${NC}"
else
echo -e "${BLUE}📁 目录已存在: $mount_point${NC}"
fi
done
declare -A nfs_servers=(
["ARS2"]="10.10.10.251:/mnt/mydisk"
["PVE"]="10.10.10.254:/mnt/ntfs"
["Ubuntu"]="10.10.10.247:/mnt/mydisk"
)
mount_nfs_share() {
local name=$1
local server=$2
local mount_point=$3
if mountpoint -q "$mount_point"; then
echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️ $name 已挂载，先卸载...${NC}"
umount -f "$mount_point" 2>/dev/null
sleep 2
fi
echo -e "${BLUE}🔗 挂载 $name: $server → $mount_point${NC}"
if mount -t nfs -o rw,soft,timeo=30,retry=3 "$server" "$mount_point"; then
echo -e "${GREEN}✅ $name 挂载成功${NC}"
df -hT | grep "$mount_point"
return 0
else
echo -e "${RED}❌ $name 挂载失败${NC}"
return 1
fi
}
mount_nfs_share "ARS2" "${nfs_servers[ARS2]}" "/mnt/ARS2-NFS"
mount_nfs_share "PVE" "${nfs_servers[PVE]}" "/mnt/PVE-NFS"
mount_nfs_share "Ubuntu" "${nfs_servers[Ubuntu]}" "/mnt/Ubuntu-NFS"
echo "=========================================="
echo -e "${GREEN}🎉 NFS 挂载完成！${NC}"
echo "当前挂载状态:"
df -hT | grep -E "nfs|Filesystem"
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🔧 设置脚本权限
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touch /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh
chmod +x /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh
/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh
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⏰ 计划任务配置
📅 Crontab 配置
🕐 计划任务示例
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0 1 * * * /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh >> /var/log/nfs-mount.log 2>&1
*/30 * * * * /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/check-nfs.sh >> /var/log/nfs-check.log 2>&1
0 2 * * * /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/sync/sync-all.sh >> /var/log/nfs-sync.log 2>&1
0 3 * * 0 find /var/log -name "nfs-*.log" -mtime +7 -delete
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📊 计划任务管理命令
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crontab -l
crontab -e
crontab -r
tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep cron
crontab -u username -l
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🔍 NFS 状态检查脚本
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| #!/bin/bash
echo "🔍 检查 NFS 挂载状态: $(date)"
echo "================================"
mount_points=("/mnt/ARS2-NFS" "/mnt/PVE-NFS" "/mnt/Ubuntu-NFS")
for mount_point in "${mount_points[@]}"; do
if mountpoint -q "$mount_point"; then
echo "✅ $mount_point: 已挂载"
touch "$mount_point/.write_test" 2>/dev/null && rm -f "$mount_point/.write_test" && \
echo " 📝 可写入" || echo " 🔒 只读"
else
echo "❌ $mount_point: 未挂载"
echo " 🔄 尝试重新挂载..."
/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh
fi
done
echo "================================"
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🔄 文件同步策略
📁 目录同步脚本
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| #!/bin/bash
echo "🔄 开始文件同步: $(date)"
echo "=========================================="
echo "📤 同步到 Ubuntu..."
rsync -avhzp --progress --delete \
--exclude='*.tmp' \
--exclude='.cache/' \
--exclude='.trash/' \
/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/ /mnt/Ubuntu-NFS/my-sh/ \
>> /var/log/sync-ubuntu.log 2>&1
echo "📤 同步到 PVE..."
rsync -avhzp --progress --delete \
--exclude='*.tmp' \
--exclude='.cache/' \
--exclude='.trash/' \
/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/ /mnt/PVE-NFS/my-sh/ \
>> /var/log/sync-pve.log 2>&1
echo "=========================================="
echo "📊 同步完成统计:"
echo "Ubuntu 同步日志: /var/log/sync-ubuntu.log"
echo "PVE 同步日志: /var/log/sync-pve.log"
echo "最后同步时间: $(date)"
echo "=========================================="
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🎯 实时同步监控（可选）
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| #!/bin/bash
inotifywait -m -r -e create,modify,delete /mnt/mydisk/my-sh/ |
while read path action file; do
echo "📁 检测到变化: $path$file → $action"
rsync -avhz --delete "$path$file" "/mnt/Ubuntu-NFS/my-sh/${path#/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/}"
rsync -avhz --delete "$path$file" "/mnt/PVE-NFS/my-sh/${path#/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/}"
echo "✅ 实时同步完成: $(date)"
done
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🔧 故障排除
🐛 常见问题解决
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systemctl status nfs-server
systemctl status rpcbind
ufw status
firewall-cmd --list-all
ping 10.10.10.251
telnet 10.10.10.251 2049
mount -t nfs -o rw 10.10.10.251:/mnt/mydisk /mnt/test
showmount -e 10.10.10.251
nfsstat -m
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📝 日志检查
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tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep nfs
journalctl -u nfs-server -f
tail -f /var/log/nfs-mount.log
tail -f /var/log/sync-ubuntu.log
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🔄 自动修复脚本
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| #!/bin/bash
echo "🔧 开始 NFS 故障修复..."
echo "=========================================="
umount -f /mnt/ARS2-NFS 2>/dev/null
umount -f /mnt/PVE-NFS 2>/dev/null
umount -f /mnt/Ubuntu-NFS 2>/dev/null
sleep 2
/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh
if mountpoint -q /mnt/ARS2-NFS && mountpoint -q /mnt/PVE-NFS && mountpoint -q /mnt/Ubuntu-NFS; then
echo "✅ NFS 修复成功"
exit 0
else
echo "❌ NFS 修复失败，请手动检查"
exit 1
fi
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💡 最佳实践
🎯 配置优化建议
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mount -t nfs -o rw,soft,timeo=30,retry=3,nolock
echo "/mnt/mydisk/my-sh/nfs/debian-nfs.sh" >> /etc/rc.local
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📊 监控和告警
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| #!/bin/bash
if ! mountpoint -q /mnt/ARS2-NFS || ! mountpoint -q /mnt/PVE-NFS || ! mountpoint -q /mnt/Ubuntu-NFS; then
echo "NFS 挂载异常，请立即检查！" | mail -s "NFS 告警" admin@example.com
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"text":"NFS 挂载异常"}' \
https://hooks.example.com/alert
fi
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🔒 安全建议
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ufw allow from 10.10.10.0/24 to any port nfs
find /mnt/*-NFS -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find /mnt/*-NFS -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
cat > /etc/logrotate.d/nfs-sync << EOF
/var/log/nfs-*.log {
daily
rotate 7
missingok
notifempty
compress
delaycompress
create 644 root root
}
EOF
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🎯 提示：建议定期测试 NFS 挂载的稳定性和同步功能的可靠性。生产环境中应考虑使用高可用方案和定期备份重要数据。
📚 扩展阅读：
